You Never Had It So Good
Disinformation And Deception About Keynesian Economics
In recent times the media and the internet has been full of disinformation about Keynesian economics. Even people like Max Keiser of RT have become part of this campaign.
This article is my attempt to correct this, and to inform people of the truth about what exactly Keynesian economics is. It's important, because if an understanding of it became common knowledge, we would all be enjoying a higher standard of living.
In the recent economic crisis, the USA and UK governments, in an effort to boost the economy, have been using Quantitative Easing. In layman's language, this simply means printing money to help pay off the trillion dollar debts these governments have acquired from the banks. Many commentators have the cheek to call this Keynesian economics, which is completely wrong. What they are talking about is trickledown economics which is something completely different.
Back in the 1950s and 60s Keynesian economics was taught in schools and it was nothing like how it is being portrayed today. From the end of WW2 to the end of the 1970s all Western governments used Keynesian economics to keep their economies stable.
We were told that it was Keynesian economics which got us out of the depression of the 1930s and was the reason why we had stable economies with sustainable growth. As Harold Macmillan, a British PM at the time, was to say famously in a speech in 1957, you've never had it so good. We owed it all to Keynes.
While governments continued to use Keynesian economics during the 1950s, 60s and 70s we never had any recession, depressions or any type of boom and bust economies. Yet soon after Keynesian economics was ditched at the end of the 1970s, we had a worldwide recession. Why did all Western governments act this way? If we had an economic system that was giving us growth and stability, why get rid of it and use other systems that gave us an instant recession and economic instability? The answer lies in how rich people viewed economic systems. Keynesian economics was great for the average working person but not so good for rich people. It had to go.
Under a Keynsian economic system, from the end of WW2 to the 1970s, the gap between rich and poor slowly decreased. This was a great boon for the average working-class person as their standard of living increased all the time. But the rich were not getting the money they felt entitled to. It was awful for the rich then, because many of them couldn't afford the big yachts, private jets and large mansions in different countries that they can today. So because it is the rich who tend to rule countries, they got together, ditched Keynesian economics and replaced it with another type of economics that they called Monetarism.
When Monetarism was introduced, we quickly had a worldwide recession, terrible for working people but great for the rich because the gap between rich and poor immediately began growing and has been growing ever since. So how did this all come about? To understand this, we have to know exactly how Keynesian economics works.
Keynesian Economics in practise
Back in the 1930s, during the Great Depression, governments were looking around to see how they could get their economies working again. The economist John Maynard Keynes had the answer. He pointed out that the reason why economies all over the world in the 1930s were depressed was because of high unemployment and poor wages.
When people don't have money to spend, shops have fewer customers and factories have little demand for their goods. So Keynes’s solution to kick-start the economy once again, was to artificially create full employment and good wages for everyone. People would have surplus money, so they would be buying goods, and thus creating a big demand from factories that make these goods, boosting the whole economy.
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt kicked off the process with his 'New Deal' policy, begun in 1933. He created large government projects like the Hoover Dam, which employed large numbers of men, to try to get the economy going again. Then events were overtaken by WW2, when fighting a war produced full employment. Everyone either joined the military or made armaments in factories, and so unemployment was not an option. (All this was paid for in the USA, UK, Germany and Japan by simply printing money).
After WW2, Keynesian economics was adopted by all Western countries. It gave us over 30 years of economic growth and stability, until it was abandoned in the late1970s. There was no talk about austerity and cutting public services after WW2 to pay for the war. In fact, in Britain the opposite happened. The new Labour government created the National Heath service, the welfare state, and nationalized major industries like the railways and coal mining industry. Where did the money come from to pay for all this? Governments simply printed the money to do it all.
The gap between rich and poor
Keynesian economics is unpopular with the rich because it gives too much power to working people and unions. When you have full employment, as recommended by Keynes, and people don't like their wages or working conditions, they are free to leave and find a better job. This is possible, because with full employment, jobs are easy to find. Employers have to compete with each other for workers and find they have to give in to their demands just to keep them. An employer who didn't pay the going rate for a job or treated his employees badly, would quickly find no-one would be willing to work for him. This is very different from what is happening now.
In times of high unemployment, employees who don't like their wages or working conditions can't easily leave and find another job. They either have to put up with poor wages and poor working conditions or resign and become unemployed. This gives a huge advantage to employers and allows them to drive down wages and increase profits. This is why the gap between rich and poor decreased when we had Keynesian economics, then increased rapidly when we moved to Monetarism
Abandoning Keynesian also led to a rapid decline in the power of the unions in the 1980s. In the Britain of the 1970s, unions were all-powerful. Witness the way the miners’ union brought down the Conservative government in 1974. But when the miners tried to do the same in 1985 they were soundly defeated. Keynesian economics and full employment gave the unions the advantage in 1974, but Monetarism and high unemployment gave the government the advantage in 1985.
The theory of Monetarism involves cutting government spending and squeezing inflation out of the economy. Governments are the biggest employers in any country, so at any time they can increase or decrease employment easily. In a Keynesian economy, governments spend more on the infrastructure of the country to ensure full employment. Under Monetarism, governments cut public spending as much as possible, to keep unemployment high.
Monetarism can only work while governments have total control over the media. If we had a genuine free press and TV, someone could point out to the public that the only reason why we have high unemployment is because of government policy keeping it artificially high. No government could survive a revelation like that. This is why when Monetarism was introduced back in the 1970s, the media had to give its full backing for the policy to work. In the 1980s, they told the public that although times were hard now, if you just stick with us, things will get better.
They did indeed get better, but only for the rich, not for the working class. It didn't matter whether we had a left wing or right wing government, either, since both created high unemployment. The only difference is that right wing governments are more likely to push unemployment higher than left wing governments. Governments will also bring down unemployment just before an election, then pretend we are now having an economic recovery, to try and get more votes. They then create high unemployment once again after they have won the election.
Criticism of Keynesian economics
One of the complaints about Keynesian economics is that it creates high inflation. Some economists will tell you that is terrible for the economy. It isn't true. I lived through times of high inflation back in the 1950s and 60s and it wasn't bad for the working class. At that time, as I've mentioned before, workers had the power to look for better paying jobs. Admittedly, this was the cause of inflation then but it seemed to do no harm.
As another British PM, Harold Wilson once said, "One man's pay rise is another man's price increase". So when workers successfully got a pay rise it increased the price of the goods they made. It is this that pushes up inflation. The rich don't like this type of inflation as it reduces their profits. This is why Monetarists say, "We need to squeeze inflation out of the economy". They don't tell you that the way to squeeze out inflation is to increase unemployment. Today, what drives inflation is not the wages of working people but the very high salaries, bonuses and profits of the wealthy.
Inflation is only bad for the working class if you have hyper-inflation, and that only happens when governments attempt to pay large debts by printing very large amounts of money. This is what Germany did in 1923 to pay the outrageous debt imposed on them by the Allies after World War One. Doing this destroyed the German economy and later allowed the extreme right wing party, the Nazis, to gain power. This is also what governments are doing today in an attempt to pay back all the bad debts created by the banks. Some commentators have the nerve to call this Keynesian economics, forgetting to tell the public that Keynsianism only works through full employment. Today we still have high unemployment, so it's clear that governments are not practising Keynesian economics. What these commentators are referring to is in fact, 'trickledown' economics. The theory is that you print a lot of money and give it to the rich, (how convenient!), the rich then spend this money on big mansions, expensive cars, private jets etc, etc, and it is the workers who have to make these things. This means some of the money ends up in the workers’ pockets but not enough to stimulate the economy. When they used the word 'trickle' they weren't kidding! It's this type of economic thinking that justifies the large salaries and bonuses for bank and business executives.
Another criticism of Keynesian economics is the claim that if it was used today by governments, workers would only use the extra money they have to buy goods from the Far East, and so it wouldn't generate growth in North American or European countries. This problem is not really about workers’ wages, but concerns currency exchange rates and incompetent managements in Western countries. Germany has no problem in competing with China, Japan and Korea's manufactured goods, simply because it has far better management and a more manufacturing-friendly environment. If banks refuse to lend to small and medium size businesses, as they do in the UK and USA, it's no wonder that manufacturing suffers badly in these countries. Business bankruptcy directly caused by banks is far too common to allow the manufacturing base of both countries to grow.
Another point is that countries like China have one big advantage, a Communist government with a Capitalist economy. This allows the Chinese government to have total control over its banks and currency. China has the power to set its exchange rate at whatever it likes and the rest of the world can do nothing about it. So it can easily set its exchange rates at less than Western countries, making it easier to export cheap goods. The Chinese government also has the power to stop banks from using short-sighted policies which sabotage its economy and destroy business, just what is happening today in many Western countries.
The Masters Of Money
- Masters Of Money
Most people know very little about economics or why we have austerity. We are told we have austerity because we are in debt, but we do not get any information about how this debt came about or who we are supposed to be in debt to.
Nelson Mandela
Why We need Keynesian Economics today
Imposing high unemployment onto a society is a heartless thing to do. It means we now have children leaving school who find it very hard to find jobs, and most are condemned to a life on the dole or poorly-paid work. It's even affecting university graduates. At one time, a university degree guaranteed a job for life, but today this is no longer true. Many university graduates are either unemployed or in unskilled jobs
It's also an open secret that high unemployment and poverty are the main cause of crime as well as leading to an increase in alcoholism and drug taking. The unemployed, or those in dead-end jobs, are more likely to turn to crime to get more money. Others try to escape the reality of living in poverty through drink and drugs and are forced into crime and prostitution to pay for their addictions.
It doesn't have to be like this. We don't have to live in an economy of high unemployment and widespread poverty. With the modern technology that exists today, like computers and manufacturing robots, everyone should be having a high standard of living. But the benefits of modern technology are only going to the rich and not to ordinary people, who are losing out because of the callousness and incompetence of the people who rule our world. I have nothing against people who want to be rich, but you have to be totally callous and ignorant, if you believe that to be rich and wealthy, you have to impose poverty onto other people.
Under a Keynesian economy, successful business people not only make themselves rich but increase the wealth of their employees. Under Monetarism, businesses force down the wages and living standards of their employees so they can make bigger profits. They become rich by making others poor.
Very wealthy people can get away with this because ordinary people don't understand Keynesian economics. As I said before, I was taught this at school so I'm surprised that few other people of my age can remember what they learned when they were young. It's hard now when nearly the whole media has a blanket ban on any information on Keynesian economics. What information is available is distorted by a misinformation campaign. But if people want to restore their standard of living to what it should be, then they need to inform everyone about Keynesian economics.
The media today has convinced people that the austerity measures imposed by governments are necessary to pay for the bad debts created by banks. I've heard it all before. In the 1980s, we were told that austerity was needed to get the economy back into shape. It never happened. The economy never got better, except when an election was due. What was needed was a wide- ranging public spending programme, improving public services and employing those who couldn't find jobs, but instead we were told to tighten our belts and wait for recovery.
Austerity will become 'normal' if people do not wake up to the fact they are being conned by the media, government and banks. If the rich and powerful can convince us that it is perfectly ok to have very low wages and that public services should be cut, then it will continue to happen. Keynesian economics, as practised in the thirty years after WW2, showed us how to eliminate poverty from our world. Now, governments seem to be in the pockets of the rich and uninterested in taking us back to those times. So it's up to ordinary people to learn about Keynesian economics and demand governments bring it back, so we can all prosper.
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Our priorities are seriously screwed up.
- The Great Debt Delusion: How Math Keeps Proving Austerity Wrong - Matthew O'Brien - The Atlantic
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- The Economic Argument Is Over — And Paul Krugman Won | Daily Ticker - Yahoo! Finance
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© 2013 William Bond